Report of the 8th Meeting
of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
Distr.
GENERAL
UNEP/OzL.Pro.8/12
19 December 1996
ORIGINAL: ENGLISH
1. The Eighth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was held at the Herradura International Conference Centre, San José, from 25 to 27 November 1996.
2. The meeting was opened at 10 a.m. on Monday, 25 November 1996, by His Excellency Mr. José Maria Figueres, President of the Republic of Costa Rica.
3. In his address to the Meeting, Mr. Figueres stressed the importance of the agreements under the Montreal Protocol. He said that a firm commitment by each Party was essential for the attainment of the common goal of sustainable development of the planet. In that connection, it was his hope that Costa Rica could, in a sense, be a pilot project at the national level.
4. He fully endorsed the "polluter pays" principle and welcomed the fact that Parties not operating under Article 5 had committed themselves not only to paying the costs of their own phase-out of ODS but also to contributing, through the Multilateral Fund, to the costs of the Parties operating under Article 5.
5. Only by accepting binding principles, recognizing real responsibilities and providing the Montreal Protocol mechanism with an appropriate level of financial and technological resources, could the Parties ensure that the Montreal Protocol would be effectively implemented in the future. To ensure that the Governments met their obligations, non-governmental organizations should mobilize opinion and public awareness to exert the necessary pressure on them. Wishing the participants success in their deliberations, he said he was confident that the Eighth Meeting of the Parties would overcome the obstacles it faced and mark a further milestone in the protection of the ozone layer.
6. Ms. Elizabeth Dowdeswell, Executive Director of UNEP, having thanked the Government and people of Costa Rica for their hospitality and welcomed the participants, said that, while future global environmental change was fraught with uncertainty, the Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol were models of cooperative and adaptable action in that regard, based firmly on the advances in scientific evidence. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the background atmosphere were decreasing, as was to be expected, but the abundance of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) was increasing rapidly. Research and monitoring activities were essential, but financial support was not currently available, and she urged the Parties to look creatively at the sources of such funding and Global Environment Fund (GEF) to provide assistance.
7. Although membership of the ozone agreements had reached record levels, the number of ratifications of the Amendments to the Montreal Protocol was still unsatisfactory. She urged all Parties to ratify those Amendments and the Parties with economies in transition, in particular, to ratify the London Amendment, since GEF had linked to such ratification the provision of its financial support to those countries.
8. There were significant arrears in the trust funds for the Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol and she urged all Parties to pay their dues promptly, since they were essential for the effective functioning of the agreements. To ensure as wide a participation as possible in the essential work of the various meetings, she appealed to those Parties able to do so to assist participants from the developing countries and countries with economies in transition to attend them. There were still arrears, also, in contributions to the Multilateral Fund. Replenishment of that Fund was one of the most important decisions to be taken at the current meeting, on the basis of the excellent report prepared by the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP).
9. Data-reporting had substantially improved and indicated that only a few countries were not complying with the control measures of the Montreal Protocol. Those countries had asked for assistance and for an extension of time-limits up to the year 2000. The Implementation Committee had reviewed their cases individually and had recommended appropriate assistance. To date, GEF had authorized about US$ 110 million to assist nine countries.
10. Illegal trade in ozone-depleting substances (ODS) could negate the international effort to phase out those substances. Noting that urgent steps were needed to curb that trade, she welcomed the draft decision on the subject that was before the Parties.
11. Mr. Martin Bartenstein, Federal Minister for the Environment, Youth and Family Affairs of Austria, President of the Seventh Meeting of the Parties, informed the Meeting that the Bureau of the Seventh Meeting had met once in the interim period to review the implementation of the decisions of that Meeting and the work of the Implementation Committee. The details were to be found in the report of the Executive Director (UNEP/Ozl.Pro.8/2). It had also reviewed the documentation prepared for the current Meeting. He was pleased to report that the number of ratifications of the Montreal Protocol continued to increase and had reached a record number among environmental instruments. It was to be regretted, however, that 29 countries had still not ratified the Protocol, and he urged them to do so. The number of ratifications of the London and Copenhagen Amendments was disappointingly low, but he welcomed the entry into force of the Vienna adjustments on 7 August 1996.
12. The phase-out of the ODS in annexes A and B by the Parties not operating under Article 5 had been completed, and applications for essentialuse exemptions related to fairly limited quantities. With advice from the Implementation Committee and assistance from GEF, the countries with economies in transition would, he was sure, phase out ODS in the fairly near future. The Parties operating under Article 5 had some notable phase-out achievements to their credit and, provided that the Multilateral Fund was adequately replenished, would undoubtedly meet their future commitments. The only disquieting feature of the last year had been the increase in the illicit trade in ODS.
A. Attendance
13. The meeting was attended by representatives of the following Parties to the Montreal Protocol: Algeria, Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Bahamas, Belarus, Belgium, Benin, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Canada, Central African Republic, Chad, Chile, China, Colombia, Congo, Costa Rica, Cuba, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Estonia, Ethiopia, European Community, Finland, France, Gambia, Georgia, Germany, Ghana, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, India, Indonesia, Iran (Islamic Republic of), Ireland, Israel, Italy, Jamaica, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Kuwait, Latvia, Lesotho, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malawi, Malaysia, Marshall Islands, Mauritius, Mexico, Micronesia (Federated States of), Mongolia, Morocco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Niger, Nigeria, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Republic of Korea, Romania, Russian Federation, Saint Lucia, Samoa, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Singapore, Slovakia, South Africa, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Swaziland, Sweden, Switzerland, Syrian Arab Republic, Thailand, Tunisia, Uganda, Ukraine, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United Republic of Tanzania, United States of America, Uruguay, Venezuela, Viet Nam, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
14. Representatives of the following United Nations bodies and specialized agencies also attended: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS), World Meteorological Organization (WMO), World Bank.
15. The following intergovernmental and non-governmental bodies and agencies were also represented: Agricultural Research Consulting, Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute, Allergy and Asthma Network/Mothers of Asthmatics, Alliance for Responsible Atmospheric Policy, American WNG Association, Amigos de la Flora y Fauna Tropical S.A. (FFT), AREA, Asahi Research Centre Co., Association of Methyl Bromide Industry Japan (AMBIJ), Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America, Centre for Global Change (CGC), CODEFF, Crop Protection Coalition, Elf Atochem, E.M.C. Inc., Environmental Investigation Agency, European Chemical Industry Federation (CEFIC), European Federation of Asthma and Allergy, Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers' Associations of Japan (FPMAJ), Friends of the Earth (FOE), GE Appliances, Glaxo Wellcome, Greenpeace, Hendrix and Dial Inc., Indian Chemical Manufacturers' Association (ICMA), International Access Corp., International Council for Environmental Law (ICEL), Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), International Pharmaceutical Aerosol (IPAC), Japan Association for Hygiene of Chlorinated Solvents (JAHCS), Japan Environmental Sanitation Centre, Japan Fluorocarbon Manufacturers' Association, Japan Industrial Conference for Ozone Layer Protection (JICOP), Japan's Save the Ozone Network (JSON), Knowzone Solation, Medisol Labs, Methyl Bromide Working Group (MBWG), Pesticide Action Network (PAN), S.A. - Organic Agriculture, Programa de Plagicidas, Universidad de Costa Rica, REGMA, Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, Rowland Company, Schering-Plough Corporation (SPC), Standing Committee of European Directors, 3M Company, Trane Company, TRICAL, Ulsan Chemical Co. Ltd.
16. In accordance with rule 21, paragraph 1, of the rules of procedure, the following officers were elected, by acclamation, at the opening session:
President:
Mr. Sam K. Ongeri, Kenya (African Group)
Vice-Presidents:
Mr. Gil Sou Shin, Republic of Korea (Asia and
Pacific Group)
Mr. Armands Plate, Latvia (Eastern European Group)
Ms.
Ianthe Smith, Jamaica (Latin American and Caribbean Group)
Rapporteur:
Mr. Gregory Rose, Australia (Western European and
Others Group)
17. Having thanked the Government of Costa Rica for its hospitality and the Parties for having elected him, Mr. Ongeri stressed the importance of moving ahead on the tasks of the Montreal Protocol and expressed his hope that the Parties would bear in mind their responsibility for achieving sustainable development. He also hoped that, with the cooperation of all participants, the new Bureau would be as successful as the last.
18. The following agenda was adopted on the basis of the revised provisional agenda in document UNEP/OzL.Pro.8/1:
19. The Meeting decided that the contact group established by the Preparatory Meeting and presided over by the Co-Chairs of the Open-Ended Working Group should continue its work of considering draft decisions relating to replenishment of the Multilateral Fund (UNEP/Ozl.Pro.8/7, draft decision VIII/4). It further decided that the open-ended contact group established by the Preparatory Meeting under the chairmanship of the representative of Canada should continue its work of considering draft decisions relating to compliance with the Montreal Protocol by the Russian Federation (UNEP/Ozl.Pro.8/7, draft decision VIII/21). The Meeting also decided that the remaining draft decisions, as contained in documents UNEP/Ozl.Pro.8/Prep/L.1, Add.1 and Add.2, would be taken up directly in plenary.
20. The President, speaking on behalf of the Bureau, reported that the Bureau of the Eighth Meeting of the Parties, acting jointly with the Bureau of the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Convention, had approved the credentials of the representatives of 81 Parties to the Eighth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol, out of 107 Parties represented at the Meeting. The Bureau had also approved provisionally the representation of 7 Parties, on the understanding that they would send the credentials to the Secretariat in due course.
21. The report of the Bureau was adopted by consensus.
22. Mr. Piet Aucamp and Mr. Robert Watson, Co-Chairs of the Scientific Assessment Panel, began their presentation by noting that the issue of stratospheric ozone depletion was one in which there had been close coordination between scientific research, the international assessment process and policy formulation. While the Vienna Convention had been based largely on the precautionary principle, as there had been no direct observational evidence of ozone depletion at the time of its adoption, the Montreal Protocol and its subsequent amendments and adjustments had been negotiated taking into account the latest laboratory studies, observations and theoretical calculations as evaluated through the assessment process. Indeed, new scientific findings had formed the basis for progressive sets of control measures. Such findings included the discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole, the observation and quantification of global ozone depletion, the measurement of increased levels of ground-level ultraviolet radiation (UV-B), and the linking of those observations to anthropogenic emissions of chlorinecontaining and bromine-containing chemicals.
23. With regard to current findings, the Co-Chairs stated that tropospheric levels of chlorine were decreasing as a result of the Montreal Protocol and that, within a few years, the level of chlorine in the stratosphere would also start decreasing, on the assumption that all countries abided by the agreed control measures. Once stratospheric levels of chlorine and bromine started to decrease, the ozone layer would begin recovering, but complete recovery would not occur until the middle of the next century, even with full compliance with the Montreal Protocol.
24. The Co-Chairs said that the next scientific assessment, which would be completed during the summer of 1998, would cover source gases, observed ozone trends, model predictions of future ozone levels, UV-B radiation, the ozone-climate connection, and matters related to methyl bromide. In addition, they stated that there would be a special report on the environmental implications of exhaust emissions from subsonic and supersonic aircraft. That report, which would be completed by the autumn of 1998, would be produced in conjunction with the IPCC and ICAO. They suggested that, in order to recognize the significant research efforts being undertaken in Europe, an additional Co-Chair from that region should participate in the next scientific assessment. As in the past, the assessment would be based on rigorously reviewed research and represent the views of the majority of the world's scientists regarding issues surrounding the depletion of stratospheric ozone. The scientific assessments were not science or budget planning documents, however, and could not evaluate policy options or the economic implications of ozone depletion or control measures.
25. Mr. J.C. van der Leun, Co-Chair of the Panel on Environmental Effects of Ozone Depletion, gave an overview of the state of knowledge with regard to such effects. The Panel had made an executive summary in October 1996 on new scientific findings that addressed changes in UV radiation and the effects of increasing UV radiation on health, terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, biogeochemical cycles, air quality, and materials. The executive summary, made available to all participants in the current Meeting, revealed how the available knowledge still related mainly to the direct effects of increasing UV radiation on organisms. Attempts were being made to extend that knowledge to more complicated systems, such as food production in agriculture and fisheries and biodiversity in ecosystems. Research into effects appeared to be increasing again, after a low during the past several years, caused by a lack of funding. The recovery might be due to pleas for an expansion of the research, made by several international bodies such as the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment of the International Council of Scientific Unions, and by the Ozone Research Managers of the Parties to the Vienna Convention.
26. Before the next full assessment report on environmental effects of ozone depletion was finalized in 1998, the draft would be sent for comments to expert reviewers outside the Panel. In the past, there had been very few expert reviewers from developing countries. He asked the delegations of the developing Parties to look for scientists in their own countries who could serve as expert reviewers for the 1998 assessment, and to propose such persons to the Ozone Secretariat.
27. Mr Stephen Andersen, CoChair of the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP), presented some specific issues related to the operation of the Panel, on behalf also of the two other Co-Chairs, Mr. Suely Carvalho, Brazil, and Mr. Lambert Kuijpers, Netherlands. He mentioned that TEAP currently had 22 members and that there were more than 250 members in TEAP itself, its technical options committees (TOCs) and task forces (TFs), who came from 43 countries in all regions of the world. The composition of TEAP had changed substantially, from 17 members from nine countries in 1995 to 22 members from 17 countries by November 1996. New nominations for TOC CoChairs were welcomed each year, since some vacancies regularly occurred. TEAP/TOC/TF meetings had been held in 15 countries during 1995-1996; TEAP members had organized workshops in 16 countries during the same period.
28. TEAP served the Parties in many ways, via (i) technical and economic options reports, (ii) specific economic reports such as that on CEIT aspects, (iii) the elaboration of technical strategies, (iv) support of technology transfers, (v) review of essential uses, and (vi) special reports such as that on the replenishment of the Multilateral Fund for the period 1997-1999. TEAP was pleased to report that, while the phaseout was virtually complete in the developed countries, the phaseout in the developing countries was on an accelerated schedule, with examples of aerosols, solvents and household refrigerators in several Parties operating under Article 5.
29. Parties operating under Article 5 had access to information via TEAP and its TOCs, the Industry and Environment Centre (UNEP/IE) of the United Nations Environment Programme and the regional networks, information which had contributed to a wise and sophisticated selection of technologies, not only in the developed but also, to a considerable extent, in the developing countries.
30. He concluded his presentation by submitting to the Meeting a list of increasing challenges, and emphasized that TEAP was pleased to continue to serve the Parties in all the issues that they might decide, being strengthened in its operation by the kind words of confidence expressed in the opening presentation.
31. Mr. R. Lenton, Director of the Sustainable Energy and Environment Division of UNDP, reported that UNDP had a dynamic portfolio of 490 projects in 49 countries that would eliminate 18,137 ozone-depleting potential (ODP)weighted tonnes of ODS. He noted that 160 projects had already been completed, including 55 investment projects that had eliminated 2,678 ODPweighted tonnes of ODS 11 countries. He cited the excellent cooperation among the implementing agencies and with the Fund Secretariat. He also stressed the need for the Executive Committee to adopt appropriate measures to deal with sectoral phase-out of ODS and the definition of small and medium enterprises. In addition, he expressed concern at the funding limitations of the Multilateral Fund and the possibility that ODS phase-out schedules in Article 5 country programmes might not be met.
32. Ms. A. Tcheknavorian-Asenbauer, Managing Director of the Industrial Sectors and Environment Division, said that UNIDO currently had a programme of more than 175 activities in 48 countries, with a total value of US$ 100,000,000. The programme had resulted in the completion of 28 noninvestment projects and six large investment projects, resulting in an ODS phaseout of 784 ODP tonnes. Furthermore, by the end of 1996, UNIDO would have completed 6 new noninvestment projects and 10 new investment projects, resulting in the phaseout of a further 1,138 ODP tonnes. In addition to those projects, UNIDO had expended considerable effort in providing assistance to low-consuming countries, mainly in Africa, and was pleased to report completion of a refrigeration project in Cameroon using hydrocarbons. In the future, UNIDO, in coordination with UNDP, UNEP and the World Bank, would also prepare demonstration projects in the methyl bromide sector.
33. During the general debate on the reports presented under agenda items 4-6 and the report of the Executive Director, statements were made by representatives of 48 States and of four non-governmental organizations.
34. All the representatives who took the floor expressed their appreciation to the Government of Costa Rica for hosting the Meeting of the Parties.
35. Many representatives expressed their appreciation of the excellent work of the Ozone Secretariat, the secretariats of UNEP and the Multilateral Fund, the Assessment Panels and the implementing agencies of the Multilateral Fund.
36. Several other representatives thanked the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund for earmarking US$ 3 million for projects in low-volume consuming countries, but noted that the requirements for cost-effective and innovative approaches were difficult to satisfy. One representative thanked UNEP for its efforts to assist in devising such approaches. The need to reach consensus on the type of methyl bromide demonstration projects could, it was recommended by one representative, best be met through the regional network meetings, as a means of ensuring cost-effectiveness.
37. Many representatives took a positive view of the achievements of the Montreal Protocol, noting the reduction in the atmospheric accumulation of controlled substances and the increased number of Parties. The Protocol's success was attributed to several factors: it had consistently based its efforts on the findings of scientific, technological and economic assessments; it had established a partnership among all countries, with common but differentiated responsibilities: it had established strong binding controls; and it had set up a Fund to augment the efforts by developing countries to meet their commitments.
38. Several representatives expressed dismay, however, at the low level of ratification of the London and Copenhagen Amendments and urged all Parties that had not yet done so to ratify them without delay.
39. Many representatives noted that past successes should not give rise to complacency. The ultimate success of the Protocol still faced many challenges, including the illegal trade in controlled substances, the introduction of binding controls in Parties operating under Article 5, the implementation of controls on methyl bromide and HCFCs, mixed incentives and signals with regard to ODS alternatives and the maintenance of adequate levels of support for developing countries within the framework of the Multilateral Fund.
40. A number of representatives referred to the ozone hole over the Antarctic, and several of them mentioned the scientific evidence of serious ozone depletion in the Arctic region. One of them pointed out that increased UV radiation affected not only human beings but also the vast and complex ecosystems, with unpredictable consequences for food production.
41. Many representatives gave an account of their national achievements in implementing the Protocol, most of them mentioning the approval or imminent completion of their country programmes and the state of ratification of the amendments to the Montreal Protocol in their respective countries. A number of them reported that their internal measures went beyond the control measures called for in the Protocol. One expressed the view that, while his country had always been committed to the Montreal Protocol, the Parties must ensure that environmental issues were not abused by certain sectors for their own interests. Several other representatives referred to the greater difficulties encountered by the Parties operating under Article 5 in meeting their obligations under the Protocol.
42. Some representatives expressed satisfaction with the proposed terms of reference of the TEAP and the code of conduct for its members and suggested that, with an increase in the number of members from Parties operating under Article 5, continuity should also be maintained.
43. Many representatives said that the ability of the Parties operating under Article 5 to fulfil their commitment to phase out ODS, not to mention the desire of many of them to accelerate the phase-out, was directly linked to the replenishment of the Multilateral Fund. Most of them said that the replenishment figure proposed by TEAP was insufficient, particularly in view of the need to maintain the momentum of their ODS phase-out. Several representatives said that the persistent lack of Fund resources was undoubtedly the reason for the increasingly restrictive requirements for the approval of projects. One representative said that his country's commitment to protect the ozone layer would be directly dependent on the replenishment level. Another representative said that the Eighth Meeting of the Parties was the continuation of the Seventh Meeting; the implementation of further measures adopted by the Seventh Meeting was closely linked to the level of replenishment of the Multilateral Fund, to be decided by the Eighth Meeting.
44. Many representatives of Parties not operating under Article 5 pointed out that their contributions to the Fund were fully paid and up-to-date. Several of them said that they were in favour of a robust replenishment of the Multilateral Fund so that Parties operating under Article 5 could implement the freeze and achieve accelerated phase-out.
45. A number of representatives expressed concern at the arrears in contributions to the Multilateral Fund and urged the Parties concerned to rectify the situation. One of them commented that, if certain Parties that were in arrears had no intention of ever paying the sums in question, that should be taken into account when calculating the replenishment of the Multilateral Fund, which should be independent of fictitious contributions.
46. Several representatives said it was important that financing by the Multilateral Fund should respect the environmental and sustainable development objectives of the Rio Conference and that projects designed to protect the ozone layer should not have a negative impact on climate change, biodiversity or health. Care should be taken to evaluate the overall environmental compatibility of projects and to make comprehensive and neutral information available to the Parties operating under Article 5.
47. Several representatives suggested that particular attention should be paid to the special needs of the countries with economies in transition and that they should be granted special assistance to enable them to eliminate the use of ozone-depleting substances within the shortest possible timeframe. They welcomed the progress made by those countries and particularly the ratification by some of them of the amendments to the Montreal Protocol.
48. Several representatives said that the forthcoming period up to the phase-out date for the Parties operating under Article 5 would be critical for the success of the entire Protocol regime. One of them said that, in the circumstances, many Parties operating under Article 5 considered noninvestment projects, such as training, education and other capacity-building, to be at least as important as investment ones. Another representative linked effective technology transfer to more non-investment projects. A number of representatives said that non-investment projects were just as important and cost-effective as investment ones. Money used for investment projects might be wasted if not combined with strategies to ensure efficient control of the overall use of ODS.
49. Several representatives stressed the importance of the transfer of technology and suggested that Parties not operating under Article 5 should treat compliance with their obligations in that respect as seriously as compliance with the financial obligations. Another representative commented that, in actual fact, some 60 per cent of conversion costs were defrayed by the private sector, and that economic instruments, such as an ozone seal of approval, were being used.
50. Many representatives pointed to regrettable evidence of illegal trade in controlled substances. That was a serious threat to the achievements already gained and required a concerted, coordinated response, through a continuous exchange of information and a tightening of control systems. Existing arrangements should be strengthened and, if necessary, new arrangements adopted.
51. One representative noted with concern that efforts to transfer ozone-benign technologies to Parties operating under Article 5 were being increasingly undermined by the movement of used and redundant equipment using or containing ODS to such countries. He called for the identification of measures to regulate and impose controls on the trade in used equipment. Such controls should be instituted in the countries of origin. Another representative said that, if trade measures were deemed necessary for the fulfilment of the Protocol's objectives, such provisions must be specified in the Protocol itself, which would have to be amended accordingly. Another representative stressed the need to make all producers more responsible for their products, not only during the production stage but also in relation to their harmful effects when being used and disposed of. She called for the development of sustainable production and consumption systems based on the ecocycle principle.
52. One representative expressed particular concern at the fact that some Parties were exporting recycled and reused ODS at the same time as they were exporting newly produced substances. Another representative described strengthening of enforcement as the new agenda for the Protocol, while yet another suggested the use of licensing and labelling systems as a way forward. One representative noted that the matter would be considered at the next meeting of the Open-ended Working Group and that amendments to the Protocol might be required.
53. Several representatives expressed concern at the increase in ODS consumption in certain Parties operating under Article 5 which might well counteract the phase-out in the Parties not operating under Article 5. Several other representatives pointed out that the increase in ODS consumption was due to economic growth and a rise in the standard of living. One of them added that, while the resources supplied by the Multilateral Fund for projects in his country were inadequate, there was also the problem that the Fund did not finance the building of new facilities for the production of ODS substitutes. He commented that the developed countries had used ODS for the longest period of time and in the largest quantities and thus, despite their recent phase-out, their historical role in contributing to the Multilateral Fund and to the transfer of technology for ODS substitutes was not yet over.
54. One representative said that it was essential to accelerate the phase-out of transitional substances such as HCFCs and replace them by more environmentally-friendly substances. The whole cost of phasing out CFCs and subsequently replacing the transitional substances should be taken into account when assessing cost-effectiveness. Another representative said he was pleased that the decision regarding the phasing out of HCFCs taken at the Seventh Meeting did not envisage too rapid a process. A number of representatives noted that the cost-effectiveness criterion was disadvantageous to countries consuming small quantities of controlled substances.
55. Other representatives praised the work accomplished by the UNEP OzonAction network. They suggested that UNEP should increase its activities connected with capacity-building at the national level, with particular emphasis on legislation and policy-making to support the implementation of investment projects.
56. Some other representatives, while expressing their appreciation of the implementing agencies, thought that the time-lag between project approval and project implementation was too long and should be shortened.
57. Several representatives said that a prudent approach should be adopted to the transition from CFC-based metered-dose inhalers (MDIs). Only one substitute was available as yet and the potential consequences of a hasty phase-out for the developing countries could be very significant. One of them commented that essential-use applications connected with health should be given priority. Other representatives agreed that the transition must be a seamless one, for the benefit of the patients concerned, but thought that alternatives were already available, though little used in the developing countries as yet. Another Party said that the transition to non-CFC-based MDIs should be accelerated at the Ninth Meeting of the Parties.
58. Several representatives said that, since the question of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) was crucial for the implementation of the Montreal Protocol, it should be borne in mind in connection with the replenishment of the Multilateral Fund. As large projects were completed, ODS consumption would become concentrated and project approvals might also be impeded by application of the cost-effectiveness threshold. Some representatives noted the difficulty of designing phase-out projects for SMEs which could be approved by the Executive Committee.
59. One representative suggested that the Executive Committee should, through the implementing agencies, simplify the project-monitoring process so as to accelerate the transfer of technology to and implementation of projects in the Parties operating under Article 5.
60. One representative referred to the disparity that existed in the projects for industrial conversion between the costs of the alternatives for ODS as assessed by the implementing agencies and the real cost of such alternatives in the markets. He suggested that research into the real prices of the technologies would need to be undertaken so as to prevent further delays in the implementation of the projects and to overcome the problem of unrealistic estimates.
61. Several representatives expressed their support for the decision adopted by the Seventh Meeting of the Parties concerning the control of methyl bromide and appealed for an additional provision, under the Multilateral Fund, for supporting research into alternatives to methyl bromide in Parties operating under Article 5. One representative said that the Parties operating under Article 5 should be strongly encouraged to develop programmes to limit their consumption and production of ODS, particularly methyl bromide. The representative of one Party operating under Article 5 said that, by the year 2006, his country, after an initial freeze in 2000, would have phased out methyl bromide completely.
62. Several other representatives pointed out that methyl bromide was currently essential to developing countries producing food or cash crops and must be retained for some time to come. One of them said that no phase-out of methyl bromide was possible unless and until technically and economically feasible alternatives were available that were acceptable from the standpoint of both environment and health. Another of them said that producers of methyl bromide should refrain from advancing their own interests by providing inaccurate information to users.
63. One representative invited GEF to develop further activities that would integrate actions related to climate change and ozone depletion. Several other representatives also called on GEF to provide the necessary assistance to research and monitoring of ozone depletion in Parties operating under Article 5.
64. The representative of Georgia appealed to the Parties to support his country's application for classification as a Party operating under Article Its annual per capita consumption of ODS did not exceed 0.3 kg, it was not an ODS producer and it was in a particularly difficult economic situation. Another Party not operating under Article 5 notified its intention to seek reclassification and undertook, following reclassification, not to call upon the Multilateral Fund for assistance or fall back from its current achievements under the Protocol.
65. The representative of a nongovernmental organization compared the funds spent for weapons procurement and testing by particular countries to the far smaller amounts being discussed in relation to replenishment of the Multilateral Fund. He urged the Parties to accelerate radically the phaseout of all ODS and to set the size of the Multilateral Fund at appropriately high levels, in order to allow Parties operating under Article 5 to meet such a schedule. He suggested drawing contributions from multinational chemical companies which had profited from ODS. He expressed concern regarding the use of HFCs in general and HFC 134a in particular, noting its potential contribution to climate change, and encouraged the exclusive use of nonODS and nonglobal warming alternatives to CFCs.
66. The representative of another nongovernmental organization drew special attention to the negotiations on replenishment issues, noting that the economic, environmental, health and social costs of ozone-depletion appeared absent from those deliberations. He called on the Parties to pledge replenishment levels far above US$ 500,000,000, to provide additional funding for replacing halons, to focus more of the Fund's resources on replacing methyl bromide, and better to address institutional strengthening and the needs of lowvolume ODS consuming countries and small and medium enterprises.
67. The representative of another nongovernmental organization recalled an international conference held in Japan in September 1996 which had led to the creation of the Save the Ozone Network and the adoption of the Osaka Declaration, which he introduced to the Meeting.
68. The representative of another nongovernmental organization drew attention to the problem of ODS smuggling, noting that it could threaten the optimistic scenarios which suggested that the destruction of the ozone layer would peak before beginning a slow process of recovery in the first half of the following century. Unfortunately, illegal trade in CFCs had become a highly lucrative activity and little was being done outside the United States of America to combat it. His organization called on the Parties: (a) to take all possible steps to accelerate the complete phaseout of production and consumption of CFCs and other ODS, since without supply or demand there would be no illegal trade; and (b) to establish an independent observer scheme to cover all CFC production facilities.
69. His organization further called on the European Union: (a) to coordinate enforcement efforts, including the gathering and exchange of intelligence and the establishment of a central enforcement database; (b) to provide "cradle to grave" documentation for all CFCs and examine the potential for using chemical signature as an identification tool; (c) to implement a procedure to register and monitor all stockpiles of CFCs over a minimum amount; (d) to establish a limited number of ports for the entry and exit of all CFCs and appoint a limited number of licensed carriers; and (e) to abolish Inward Processing Relief for such substances.
70. Speaking on behalf of the President of the Implementation Committee, the Vice-President and Rapporteur reported that the Implementation Committee had met four times in 1996 to consider various issues related to non-compliance with the Montreal Protocol. He thanked the Secretariat, the implementing agencies and the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel's Ad Hoc Working Group on CEIT Aspects for their valuable contribution to the work of the Committee.
71. The Committee had considered the report from the TEAP Ad Hoc Working Group on the aspects related to countries with economies in transition and had taken several actions, including requesting the Secretariat to seek clarification from the Legal Counsel of the United Nations on the status of the countries of the former Soviet Union with regard to succession to the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol, and sending letters to the competent authorities of non-Parties stressing the need for speedy ratification. On Lithuania and Latvia, each of which had submitted a letter under paragraph 4 of the non-compliance procedure, the Committee had considered the written and oral submissions of both and recommended two draft decisions to the Meeting of the Parties. The Committee welcomed Poland's ratification of both the London and Copenhagen Amendments to the Montreal Protocol and had also considered the question of the Czech Republic's non-compliance with the phase-out schedule of halons by 1994, recommending a decision to the Meeting of the Parties.
72. In response to the information provided by Belarus pursuant to decision VII/17 of the Seventh Meeting of the Parties, the Committee had:
73. In response to the information provided by Ukraine pursuant to decision VII/19 of the Seventh Meeting of the Parties, the Committee had:
74. In response to the information provided by the Russian Federation pursuant to Decision VII/18 of the Seventh Meeting of the Parties, the Committee at its thirteenth and fourteenth meetings had recommended that the GEF Council and other funding agencies should consider favourably additional steps to expedite financial assistance for ODS phase-out projects within their work programmes, but that such assistance should remain contingent on further developments with regard to non-compliance and the settlement with the Committee of any problems relating to the reporting requirements and the actions of the Russian Federation.
75. At its sixteenth meeting, the representatives of the Russian Federation had provided the Committee with preliminary additional information on the destination of ODS exports and had informed the Committee that the detailed information requested would be available by February 1997 and would include complete data for the year 1996. After deliberation, the Committee decided to recommend to the Parties an amended version of draft decision VIII/21 whereby they would, among other things, caution the Russian Federation to maximize the use of its recycling facilities to meet its internal needs and therefore diminish the production of new CFCs accordingly.
76. With respect to the status of data-reporting, the Committee had taken note of the reports of the Secretariat and the additional information provided at its meetings. A considerable improvement had been reflected in the number of Parties that had fulfilled their reporting requirements, but baseline data was still outstanding from a number of Parties, many of which stood to lose their temporary Article 5 status unless they either reported data or sought assistance from the Executive Committee and the Implementation Committee. The Committee urged all Parties to report their data promptly. The Committee also recommended that the Secretariat be entrusted with the preparation of a data report showing global trends, in order to give an overall perspective of the implementation of the Protocol.
77. The representative of Ukraine informed the Meeting that his Government had recently approved its national programme by decree and that ratification of the London Amendment had been approved the previous week.
78. The representative of the Russian Federation expressed his delegation's appreciation of the work done by the Implementation Committee. He expressed support for draft decision VIII/21, as contained in the report of the Preparatory Meeting, noting that it offered his country valuable guidelines and assistance in meeting its obligations under the Protocol.
79. The Chairman of the Executive Committee, introducing its report to the Eighth Meeting (UNEP/OzL.Pro.8/4), said that, at its two meetings, the Executive Committee had considered an extensive programme and approved approximately US$ 103,000,000 for investment projects and other activities, which would phaseout about 11,000 ODP tonnes when implemented. In 1996, 4,249 ODP tonnes had already been phased out from projects completed in the first half of the year, and a total of 12,611 ODP tonnes had been phased out, since the commencement of the Multilateral Fund.
80. Turning to the status of the Multilateral Fund, he reported that, for the years 1991-1995, contributions deposited totalled some US$ 471,000,000. That figure corresponded to 88 per cent of pledged contributions, with the arrears relating to countries with economies in transition and to one developing country not operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5. For 1996, additional contributions of some US$ 63 million had been received up to 18 October. Thus, the Multilateral Fund had received, and the Executive Committee had allocated, more than half a billion dollars. He was pleased to say that, using the business-planning approach, the Executive Committee had succeeded in approving a programme which closely matched the in-flow of contributions, with the current balance of funds remaining at only some US$ 3,500,000.
81. Drawing on the guidance provided by the Parties at their Seventh Meeting, the Executive Committee had continued to develop policies to improve the Fund's operation. New approaches for the preparation of country programmes and for institutional strengthening in low-volume and very-low-volume consuming countries had been adopted and initial steps had been taken to address the special needs of small and medium-sized enterprises. Interim guidelines were in place to support the introduction of demonstration projects for alternatives to methyl bromide and substantial progress had been made in developing guidelines for monitoring and evaluation. The Committee had also decided that the initial work on completing guidelines for the production sector should cover projects for the closure of ODS production facilities and that those projects could proceed in advance of a country's plans for the entire sector. To that end, it had agreed on modalities for preliminary data collection and technical audits - both essential for the determination of incremental costs.
82. The Executive Committee had also taken note of the views expressed at the Seventh Meeting of the Parties concerning the use of HCFCs. Implementing agencies had been requested to ensure that adequate information on all technologies was provided to enterprises contemplating conversion, and projects coming before the Executive Committee were required to include a full explanation of why a conversion to HCFCs was recommended.
83. The Chairman thanked his fellow members of the Executive Committee, the Chief Officer and staff of the Fund Secretariat and the implementing agencies for their hard work and unflagging efforts to facilitate the effective functioning of the Executive Committee and the Multilateral Fund.
84. The Eighth Meeting of the Parties adopted a number of decisions, on the basis of the draft decisions submitted by the Preparatory Meeting (UNEP/OzL.Pro.8/Prep/L.1, Add.1, Add.2 and Add.3) and the reports of the CoChairs of the Contact Group established to discuss the draft decisions relating to replenishment. The text of the decisions as adopted is contained in paragraph 85 below. All the draft decisions were adopted by consensus, with the comments and amendments reflected in paragraphs 86 to 92 below.
85. The Eighth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol decides:
To request the Executive Committee to move forward as expeditiously as possible on decision VII/22, and in particular Actions 5, 6, 10, 11, 14 and 21, and to report back to the Ninth Meeting of the Parties;
That, with effect from 1997, contributions to the Multilateral Fund concern only Parties not operating under Article 5 that are Parties to the London Amendment to the Montreal Protocol;
The Parties note that a transition is occurring from the use of CFCbased MDIs to non-CFC treatments for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In order to ensure a smooth and efficient transition, and protect the health and safety of patients, Parties not operating under Article 5 are encouraged:
To consider the issue of control of trade in methyl bromide with nonParties at the Ninth Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol in 1997;
To endorse the selection of Ms. Catalina MoslerGarcia (Mexico) and Ms. Claire Fearnley (New Zealand) as Co-Chairs of the Open-ended Working Group of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol for 1997;
To accept the application of Georgia to be listed as a developing country for the purposes of the Montreal Protocol, taking into account that Georgia is classified as a developing country by the World Bank and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development and as a net recipient country by the United Nations Development Programme;
Replenishment of the Multilateral Fund and three-year rolling business plan for 1997-1999 (decision VIII/4)
86. The representative of the Russian Federation speaking on behalf of three Parties with economies in transition, said that they were dissatisfied with paragraph 7 of that decision, considering as they did that the level of contributions to the Multilateral Fund by individual Parties should be adjusted annually on the basis of the updated United Nations scale of assessments;
Contributions to the Multilateral Fund (decision VIII/6)
87. The representative of Lithuania, speaking on behalf of three Parties that had ratified the Montreal Protocol but not the London Amendment, said that the main obstacle to their ratification of the latter was the financial obligation to contribute to the Multilateral Fund, which their current economic situation would not permit. They requested, therefore, that a decision be taken by the Parties that their payments to the Fund be temporarily postponed, mentioning, in that connection, that they had not been independent States at the time that the Protocol and the London Amendment were being negotiated and had thus been unable to participate in those negotiations. If the obligation to contribute could be postponed until the year 2001, the Parties in question would be able to ratify the London Amendment in the near future.
88. The representative of Poland stated that the decision did not address the problem of alleged arrears in contributions to the Multilateral Fund by Parties which had not ratified the London Amendment prior to 1997. It was the understanding of his delegation - which the Secretariat confirmed - that the consensus of the Meeting was that the issue would be taken up at the next meeting of the Open-ended Working Group.
Membership of the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund (decision VIII/8)
89. The Secretariat informed the Meeting that some of the Parties selected as members of the Executive Committee had agreed to co-opt other Parties, namely, Senegal to co-opt Burkina Faso and Tunisia, Zimbabwe to co-opt Seychelles and Uganda, China to co-opt Philippines and Malaysia, India to coopt the Islamic Republic of Iran and the Syrian Arab Republic, Bulgaria to co-opt Poland and Peru to co-opt Colombia and Mexico.
Illegal imports and exports of controlled substances (decision VIII/20)
90. The representative of a regional economic integration organization said that it attached great importance to an effective control of trade in ODS, particularly illegal trade. Since 1995, it had had a quota and licencing system for imports of all such substances, whether virgin, recovered or reclaimed, and urged other Parties to adopt similar regime. In 1996, it had further tightened the application of its system. Mindful of the need to increase its efforts to prevent illegal trade, it was currently examining possibilities of further improving the system.
Application of Georgia for developing country status under the Montreal Protocol (decision VIII/29)
91. It was the consensus view of the Meeting that document UNEP/OzL.Pro.8/8/Add.1 was not acceptable. The Meeting noted that Georgia was fully aware that it would cease to be eligible for GEF funds for ODS phase-out as soon as it was classified as a Party operating under Article 5 of the Montreal Protocol.
92. The Meeting also considered the question of reclassification of existing Parties to the Montreal Protocol as developing countries. It felt that the Meeting of the Parties, in considering such applications in future, should take into account the potential implications for the Multilateral Fund of the Montreal Protocol.
93. In accordance with the decision taken at the Seventh Meeting of the Parties (decision VII/8), it was decided (decision VIII/30) that the Ninth Meeting of the Parties would be held at Montreal, Canada, in September 1997.
94. Referring to the suggestion made by the Co-Chairs of the Scientific Assessment Panel (paragraph 24 above), the representative of a regional economic integration organization proposed that Mr. Gérard Mégie of France should become the fourth Co-Chair of that Panel. The proposal was accepted.
95. The report was adopted on the basis of the draft report contained in document UNEP/Ozl.Pro.8/L.1 and Add.1 and Add 2, L.2 and L.3.
96. After the customary exchange of courtesies, the President declared the Eighth Meeting of the Parties closed at 6.30 p.m. on 27 November 1996.
SCALE OF 1997-1999 CONTRIBUTIONS BASED ON THE CURRENT UNITED NATIONS SCALE OF ASSESSMENTS FOR 1996 WITH NO PARTY PAYING MORE THAN 25 PER CENT
RECOMMENDED NOMINATIONS FOR ESSENTIAL USE EXEMPTIONS
(in metric tonnes)
Party CFC-11 CFC-12 CFC-113 CFC-114 HALON-2402 1997 1998 1999 1997 1998 1999 1997 1998 1999 1997 1998 1999 1996 1997 1. Australia 8.0 -- -- 22.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2. Canada -- 128.0 -- -- 320.0 -- -- -- -- -- 65.0 -- -- -- 3. European Union -- 1,778.0 -- -- 3,307.0 -- -- 16.0 -- -- 509.0 -- -- -- 4. Japan -- 53.0 37.0 -- 105.0 75.0 -- 0.5 0.5 -- 23.0 24.0 -- -- 5. Poland 130.0 130.0 -- 220.0 220.0 -- -- -- -- 30.0 30.0 -- -- -- 6. Russian 266.0 -- -- 266.0 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 352.0 300.0 Federation 7. South Africa -- 62.0 -- -- 156.0 -- -- -- -- -- 5.0 -- -- -- 8. Switzerland 2.0 2.0 -- 4.0 4.0 -- -- -- -- 2.0 2.0 -- -- -- 9. United States 149.3 1,204.3 -- 415.8 2,814.7 -- -- -- -- 131.5 369.0 -- -- -- TOTAL 555.3 3,357.3 37.0 927.8 6,926.7 75.0 -- 16.5 0.5 163.5 1,003.0 24.0 352.0 300.0
RECOMMENDED ADJUSTMENTS TO QUANTITIES APPROVED EARLIER FOR ESSENTIAL USES (in metric tonnes)
Country Use Chemical Production Nominated Approved Recommended Total year amount amount adjustment approved and recommended United States MDI CFC-12 1997 431 437.2 -6.20 431 United States MDI CFC-114 1997 19 43.7 -24.7 19 United States Shuttle/rockets MCF 1996 2.9 .29 2.61 2.9 United States Shuttle/rockets MCF 1997 3.7 .37 3.33 3.7 United States Shuttle/rockets MCF 1998 60.1 57.00 3.10 60.10 United States Shuttle/rockets MCF 1999 59.6 56.99 2.61 59.60 United States Shuttle/rockets MCF 2000 58.4 56.87 1.53 58.4 United States Shuttle/rockets MCF 2001 58.4 56.87 1.53 58.4 New Zealand MDI CFC-11 1996 9.00 9.00 -9.00 0.00 New Zealand MDI CFC-12 1996 23.50 23.50 -23.50 0.00 New Zealand MDI CFC-11 1997 8.00 8.00 -8.00 0.00 New Zealand MDI CFC-12 1997 22.00 22.00 -22.00 0.00
REPORTING ACCOUNTING FRAMEWORK FOR ESSENTIAL USES OTHER THAN LABORATORY AND ANALYTICAL APPLICATIONS
TERMS OF REFERENCE OF THE TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT PANEL (TEAP)
Parties have requested that the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP) annually update the status of technical feasibility and the phase-out progress.
1. Scope of Work:
2. Organization of Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP), Technical Options Committees (TOCs) and Temporary Subsidiary Bodies (TSBs)
2.1 Size and Balance
2.2 Nominations
2.3 Appointment of Members of TEAP
2.4 TOC Co-Chairs
2.5 Appointment of Members of TOCs
2.6 Termination of Appointment
2.7 Replacement
2.8 Subsidiary Bodies
2.9 Guidelines for Nominations
3. Functioning of TEAP/TOCs/TSBs
3.1 Language
3.2 Scheduling of Meetings
3.3 Rules of Procedure
3.4 Observers
3.5 Functioning by Members
4. Report of TEAP/TOCs/TSBs
4.1 Procedures
4.2 Access
4.3 Review by TEAP
4.4 Comment by Public
5. CODE OF CONDUCT BY MEMBERS OF THE TECHNOLOGY AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT PANEL
Members of the TEAP, TOCs and the TSBs have been asked by the Parties to undertake important responsibilities. As such, a high standard of conduct is expected of Members in discharging their duties. In order to assist Members, the following guidelines have been developed as a Code of Conduct.
SCALE OF 1997-1998 CONTRIBUTIONS BASED ON THE UNITED NATIONS SCALE OF ASSESSMENTS WITH NO PARTY PAYING MORE THAN 25 PER CENT
TRUST FUND FOR THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL ON SUBSTANCES THAT DEPLETE THE OZONE
LAYER:
BUDGETS FOR 1996, 1997 AND 1998
w/m ($) w/m ($) w/m ($) 10 PROJECT PERSONNEL COMPONENT 1100 Project personnel 1101 Executive Secretary (D2) (a) 6 60,000 6 68,000 6 69,700 (shared with the Vienna Convention (VC)) 1102 Deputy Executive Secretary (P5) 12 102,000 12 130,000 12 113,250 1103 Programme Officer (Law) (P4) 12 83,000 12 98,000 12 100,000 1104 Programme Officer (Science) (P-4) (shared with VC) 6 43,000 6 66,000 6 67,650 1105 Administrative and Programme Management Officer (P-3) (a) 6 36,000 6 48,000 6 49,000 (shared with VC) 1106 Programme Officer (Information Systems) (P3) (shared with 0 0 0 12 98,400 VC) (a), (b) 1199 Subtotal 324,000 410,000 498,650 1200 Consultants 1201 Assistance in data reporting, analysis and promotion of 25,000 26,250 48,750 the Protocol 1299 Subtotal 25,000 26,250 48,750 1300 Administrative support costs 1301 Administrative Assistant (shared with VC) (G-6) (a) 6 9,000 6 9,500 6 9,738 (shared with VC) 1302 Senior Secretary (G6) (a) 12 15,500 12 16,000 12 16,400 1304 Secretary (shared with VC) (G5) (a) 6 8,000 6 8,500 6 8,713 1305 Secretary (shared with VC) (G5) (a) 6 8,000 6 8,500 6 8,713 1306 Documents Clerk (G3) 12 7,500 12 8,000 12 8,200 1320 Temporary assistance 5,500 6,000 6,150 Subtotal support staff costs 53,500 56,500 57,913 Conference-servicing costs (CSC) (e) 1321 Openended Working Group Meetings 390,000 400,000 410,000 1322 Meetings of the Parties and Preparatory meetings 280,000 405,000 415,000 1323 Meetings of the Assessment Panels 31,000 68,000 69,700 1324 Meetings of the Bureau 39,000 41,000 42,025 1325 Meetings of the Committees 26,000 27,000 27,675 1326 Informal Consultation Meetings 11,000 11,000 11,275 Subtotal conference-servicing costs 777,000 952,000 975,800 1399 Subtotal 830,500 1,008,500 1,033,713 1600 Travel on official business 1601 Secretariat staff 100,000 102,000 104,550 1602 UNEP conferenceservicing staff 20,000 20,000 20,500 1699 Subtotal 120,000 122,000 125,050 1999 Component total 1,299,500 1,566,750 1,706,163 30 TRAINING/PARTICIPATION COMPONENT 3300 Participation costs of developing countries (g) 3301 Assessment Panel meetings 300,000 500,000 550,000 3302 Preparatory and Parties Meetings 220,000 250,000 256,250 3303 Openended Working Group Meetings 200,000 250,000 256,000 3304 Bureau Meetings 30,000 30,000 30,750 3305 Committee Meetings 60,000 60,000 61,500 3399 Subtotal 810,000 1,090,000 1,154,750 3999 Component total 810,000 1,090,000 1,154,750 40 EQUIPMENT AND PREMISES COMPONENT 4100 Expendable Equipment (items under $1,500) (h) 4101 Miscellaneous Expendables (shared with VC) 24,000 25,000 25,625 4199 Subtotal 24,000 25,000 25,625 4200 Nonexpendable equipment (i) 4201 Personal Computers and Accessories (shared with VC) 10,000 5,000 5,125 4202 Portable Computers (shared with VC) 3,000 3,000 3,075 4203 Email/Bulletin Board and other information systems 5,000 5,500 5,638 (shared with VC) 4204 Photocopier 0 28,000 0 4299 Subtotal 18,000 41,500 13,838 4300 Rental of office premises (shared) 4301 Rental of Office premises (shared with VC) 15,000 30,000 30,750 4399 Subtotal 15,000 30,000 30,750 4999 Component total 57,000 96,500 70,213 50 MISCELLANEOUS COMPONENT 5100 Operation and maintenance of equipment (shared with VC) 5101 Maintenance of equipment 11,000 12,000 12,300 (shared with VC) 5199 Subtotal 11,000 12,000 12,300 5200 Reporting costs (j) 5201 Reporting (general) 55,000 60,000 61,500 5202 Reporting (Assessment Panel reports) 27,500 30,000 61,425 5299 Subtotal 82,500 90,000 122,925 5300 Sundry (k) 5301 Communications 50,000 75,000 76,875 5302 Freight charges (documents shipment) 73,000 73,000 74,825 5303 Training 0 25,000 15,000 5304 Others 5,000 0 4,875 5399 Subtotal 128,000 172,000 171,575 5400 Hospitality 5401 Hospitality 17,500 18,000 18,450 5499 Subtotal 17,500 18,000 18,450 5999 Component total 239,000 293,000 325,240 99 GRAND TOTAL 2,405,500 3,046,250 3,256,375 Programme support costs (13%) 312,715 396,013 423,329 Contingency 100,000 100,000 0 OVERALL GRAND TOTAL 2,818,215 3,542,263 3,679,704
Notes for the 1997 and 1998 budgets:
The inflation is assumed to be 2.5 per cent.
(a) Budget line 1100 and 1300: Classification of the posts in UNEP is currently takingplace in accordance with the guidelines of the United Nations. Provision is made for upgrading, if found necessary in the classification and if approved by the Executive Director, after review. Salaries are updated to reflect the current and estimated future salary levels in Nairobi.
(b) Budget line 1106: A new post for a Programme Officer (Information Systems) has been requested to take care of and analyse the data on ozone-depleting substances (ODS) reported by the large number of Parties and to coordinate the computer systems of the Secretariat (bulletinboards, WWW (the "World Wide Web"), etc.). The post will be requested from Parties as a JPO (Junior Professional Officer0. The post may be funded from the Trust Fund only if JPO funding is not available.
(c) Budget line 1321 - 1326: The conference-servicing costs have been based on the following assumptions:
1322: The Preparatory and Parties meeting for the Montreal Protocol will be held in Nairobi, in six languages. When meetings are not held in Nariobi, the incremental cost will be paid by the host Government.
1323: In response tothe request by the Informal Advisory Group for restructring the TEAP, $37,000 has been included in the 1997 budget to cover the communications costs and sundries related to the work of TEAP members from developing countries and countreis with economies in transition.
1324: Two Bureau meetings are scheduled for 1998.
1325: Two Implementation Committee meetings, in English only, are assumed to take place in Nairobi.
1326: One Informal Consultation, in English only, is assumed to take place in Nairobi.
(d) Budget line 3300: The average cost of participation is assumed to be $5,000 per participant in 1997, with no more than one person's travel cost being covered for each country and using the most appropriate economical fare and United Nations per diem allowances.
3302: The participation costs for 50 participants in the 1997 Meeting of the Parties and its Preparatory Meeting amount to $250,000.
3303: The participation costs for 50 participants in the meeting of the Open-ended Working Group in 1997 amount to $250,000.
3304: The participation costs for the two Bureau meeings are based on four participants from developing countries and countries with economies in transition in each meeting.
3305: The participation costs for the two Committee meetings ae based on eight participants from developing countries with economies in transition in each meeting.
(e) Budget line 4100: The cost of expendable equipment has been increased marginally to cover inflation.
(f) Budget line 4200: The cost of non-expendable equipment has been increased marginally to cover inflation.
(g) Budget line 4301: The level of rent has been increased to current existing levels in 1997 and 1998.
(h) Budget line 5202: The next Assessment has been rescheduled for mid-1998 from 1997, reducing the printing cost in 1997.
(i) Budget line 5300: The communication and freight charges relfect the increased number of Parties to the Protocol.
(j) Contingency If the need arises, the Secretariat will request the Ninth Meeting of the Parties to review the contingency.
NOTE ON THE STATUS OF THE MULTILATERAL FUND
97. Subsequent to the approvals of the twentieth meeting of the Executive Committee, funds remaining unallocated and at the disposal of the Executive Committee stand at US$ 6,747,808.
98. Outstanding agreed contributions are as follows:
YEAR AMOUNT (US$) TOTAL PERCENTAGE OUTSTANDING 1991 7 261 886 1992 9 779 082 1993 12 414 750 29 455 718 12.3 1994 17 555 744 1995 17 710 983 35 266 727 11.9 1996 86 400 221 56.8 1994-96 121 666 948 27.1 1991-96 151 122 666 22.0
99. Payment expectations for 1991-96, outstanding contributions:
1991-92 0 1993 286 549 1994 478 417 1995 633 656 Sub-total 1 398 622 1996 66 708 465 TOTAL 68 107 087
100. Balance available from 1994-96 cycle:
Available now 6 747 808 Expected 68 107 087 (not all by 31.12.96) TOTAL 74 854 895
101. Analysis of 1996 payment expectations:
Total outstanding 86 400 221 Less disputed 8 098 267* Less countries in 11 593 489 transition TOTAL 66 708 465 * France, Germany Japan, Italy, United Kingdom.
STATUS OF CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE TRUST FUND FOR THE MUTILATERAL FUND AS OF 22 NOVEMBER 1996