The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a global agreement to protect the Earth’s ozone layer by phasing out the chemicals that deplete it. This phase-out plan includes both the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. The landmark agreement was signed in 1987 and entered into force in 1989.

The parties to the Protocol meet once a year to make decisions aimed at ensuring the successful implementation of the agreement. These include adjusting or amending the Protocol, which has been done six times since its creation. The most recent amendment, the Kigali Amendment, called for the phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in 2016. These HFCs were used as replacements for a batch of ozone-depleting substances eliminated by the original Montreal Protocol. Although they do not deplete the ozone layer, they are known to be powerful greenhouse gases and, thus, contributors to climate change.

The Montreal Protocol provided a set of practical, actionable tasks that were universally agreed on. The Protocol has successfully met its objectives thus far and continues to safeguard the ozone layer today. Thanks to the collaborative effort of nations around the world, the ozone layer is well on its way to recovery.

Annex II : Trust Fund for the Multilateral Fund: scale of 1994, 1995 and 1996 contributions

    PERCENTAGES ADJUSTED      
  UN SCALE ADJUSTED TO PERCENTAGES 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5 1 9 9 6
PARTY OF EXCLUDE WITH 25% CONTRIBUTIONS CONTRIBUTIONS CONTRIBUTIONS
  ASSESSMENTS NON CEILING BY PARTIES BY PARTIES BY PARTIES
    CONTRIBUTORS CONSIDERED (US$) (US$) (US$)
A. NON-PAYING ART 5 PARA 1            
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES            
Algeria 0.16% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Antigua and Barbuda 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Argentina 0.57% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Bahamas 0.02% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Bahrain 0.03% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Bangladesh 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Barbados 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Benin 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.04% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Botswana 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Brazil 1.59% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Brunei Darussalam 0.03% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Burkina Faso 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Cameroon 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Central African Republic 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Chile 0.08% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
China 0.77% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Costa Rica 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Cote d'Ivoire 0.02% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Croatia 0.13% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Cuba 0.09% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Dominica 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Ecuador 0.03% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Egypt 0.07% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
El Salvador 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Fiji 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Gambia 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Ghana 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Grenada 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Guatemala 0.02% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Guinea 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Guyana 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Honduras 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
India 0.36% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Indonesia 0.16% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.77% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Jamaica 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Jordan 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Kenya 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Kiribati 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Lebanon 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 0.24% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Malawi 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Malaysia 0.12% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Maldives 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Malta 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Marshall Islands 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Mauritius 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Mexico 0.88% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Namibia 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Nicaragua 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Niger 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Nigeria 0.20% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Pakistan 0.06% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Panama 0.02% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Papua New Guinea 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Paraguay 0.02% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Peru 0.06% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Philippines 0.07% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Romania 0.17% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Saint Lucia 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Samoa 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Senegal 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Seychelles 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Slovenia 0.09% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Solomon Islands 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Sri Lanka 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Sudan 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Swaziland 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Syrian Arab Republic 0.04% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Thailand 0.11% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Togo 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Trinidad and Tobago 0.05% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Tunisia 0.03% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Turkey 0.27% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Tuvalu 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Uganda 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Tanzania, United Rep. of 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Uruguay 0.04% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Venezuela 0.49% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Yugoslavia 0.16% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Zambia 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
Zimbabwe 0.01% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
SUBTOTAL (GROUP A) 8.53% 0.00% 0.00000% 0 0 0
B. PAYING DEVELOPING            
COUNTRIES            
Cyprus 0.02% 0.02% 0.02300% 34,887 34,887 34,887
Kuwait 0.25% 0.25% 0.28753% 436,091 436,091 436,091
Korea, Republic of 0.69% 0.69% 0.79359% 1,203,611 1,203,611 1,203,611
Saudi Arabia 0.96% 0.96% 1.10413% 1,674,590 1,674,590 1,674,590
Singapore 0.12% 0.12% 0.13802% 209,324 209,324 209,324
United Arab Emirates 0.21% 0.21% 0.24153% 366,317 366,317 366,317
SUBTOTAL (GROUP B) 2.25% 2.25% 2.58779% 3,924,820 3,924,820 3,924,820
C. DEVELOPED COUNTRIES            
(GENERAL)            
Australia 1.51% 1.51% 1.73670% 2,633,990 2,633,990 2,633,990
Austria 0.75% 0.75% 0.86260% 1,308,273 1,308,273 1,308,273
Belarus 0.48% 0.48% 0.55206% 837,295 837,295 837,295
Bulgaria 0.13% 0.13% 0.14952% 226,767 226,767 226,767
Canada 3.11% 3.11% 3.57691% 5,424,973 5,424,973 5,424,973
Czech Republic 0.42% 0.42% 0.48305% 732,633 732,633 732,633
Finland 0.57% 0.57% 0.65557% 994,288 994,288 994,288
Hungary 0.18% 0.18% 0.20702% 313,986 313,986 313,986
Iceland 0.03% 0.03% 0.03450% 52,331 52,331 52,331
Israel 0.23% 0.23% 0.26453% 401,204 401,204 401,204
Japan 12.45% 12.45% 14.31912% 21,717,336 21,717,336 21,717,336
Liechtenstein 0.01% 0.01% 0.01150% 17,444 17,444 17,444
Monaco 0.01% 0.01% 0.01150% 17,444 17,444 17,444
New Zealand 0.24% 0.24% 0.27603% 418,647 418,647 418,647
Norway 0.55% 0.55% 0.63257% 959,400 959,400 959,400
Poland 0.47% 0.47% 0.54056% 819,851 819,851 819,851
Russian Federation 6.71% 6.71% 7.71737% 11,704,685 11,704,685 11,704,685
Slovakia 0.13% 0.13% 0.14952% 226,767 226,767 226,767
South Africa 0.41% 0.41% 0.47155% 715,189 715,189 715,189
Sweden 1.11% 1.11% 1.27664% 1,936,244 1,936,244 1,936,244
Switzerland 1.11% 1.11% 1.27664% 1,936,244 1,936,244 1,936,244
Ukraine 1.87% 1.87% 2.15074% 3,261,961 3,261,961 3,261,961
United States of America 25.00% 25.00% ! 25.00000% 37,916,667 37,916,667 37,916,667
Uzbekistan 0.26% 0.26% 0.29903% 453,535 453,535 453,535
SUBTOTAL (GROUP C) 57.74% 57.74% 62.65527% 95,027,155 95,027,156 95,027,156
D. DEVELOPED COUNTRIES            
(EEC)            
Belgium 1.06% 1.06% 1.21914% 1,849,026 1,849,026 1,849,026
Denmark 0.65% 0.65% 0.74758% 1,133,837 1,133,837 1,133,837
France 6.00% 6.00% 6.90078% 10,466,186 10,466,186 10,466,186
Germany 8.93% 8.93% 10.27066% 15,577,174 15,577,174 15,577,174
Greece 0.35% 0.35% 0.40255% 610,528 610,528 610,528
Ireland 0.18% 0.18% 0.20702% 313,986 313,986 313,986
Italy 4.29% 4.29% 4.93406% 7,483,323 7,483,323 7,483,323
Luxembourg 0.06% 0.06% 0.06901% 104,662 104,662 104,662
Netherlands 1.50% 1.50% 1.72520% 2,616,547 2,616,547 2,616,547
Portugal 0.20% 0.20% 0.23003% 348,873 348,873 348,873
Spain 1.98% 1.98% 2.27726% 3,453,841 3,453,841 3,453,841
United Kingdom 5.02% 5.02% 5.77365% 8,756,709 8,756,709 8,756,709
SUBTOTAL (GROUP D) 30.22% 30.22% 34.75694% 52,714,691 52,714,691 52,714,691
GRAND TOTAL 98.74% 90.21% ! 100.00000% 151,666,666 151,666,667 151,666,667