The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a global agreement to protect the Earth’s ozone layer by phasing out the chemicals that deplete it. This phase-out plan includes both the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. The landmark agreement was signed in 1987 and entered into force in 1989.

The parties to the Protocol meet once a year to make decisions aimed at ensuring the successful implementation of the agreement. These include adjusting or amending the Protocol, which has been done six times since its creation. The most recent amendment, the Kigali Amendment, called for the phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in 2016. These HFCs were used as replacements for a batch of ozone-depleting substances eliminated by the original Montreal Protocol. Although they do not deplete the ozone layer, they are known to be powerful greenhouse gases and, thus, contributors to climate change.

The Montreal Protocol provided a set of practical, actionable tasks that were universally agreed on. The Protocol has successfully met its objectives thus far and continues to safeguard the ozone layer today. Thanks to the collaborative effort of nations around the world, the ozone layer is well on its way to recovery.

Annex III : Trust Fund for the Montreal Protocol: scale of 1994 and 1995 contributions

    PERCENTAGES ADJUSTED    
  UN SCALE ADJUSTED TO PERCENTAGES 1 9 9 4 1 9 9 5
PARTY OF EXCLUDE WITH 25% CONTRIBUTIONS CONTRIBUTIONS
  ASSESSMENTS NON CEILING BY PARTIES BY PARTIES
    CONTRIBUTORS CONSIDERED    
Algeria 0.16% 0.16% 0.16% 4,533 5,487
Antigua and Barbuda 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Argentina 0.57% 0.57% 0.57% 16,150 19,547
Australia 1.51% 1.51% 1.52% 42,783 51,783
Austria 0.75% 0.75% 0.75% 21,250 25,720
Bahamas 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Bahrain 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Bangladesh 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Barbados 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Belarus 0.48% 0.48% 0.48% 13,600 16,461
Belgium 1.06% 1.06% 1.06% 30,033 36,351
Benin 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Botswana 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Brazil 1.59% 1.59% 1.60% 45,049 54,526
Brunei Darussalam 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Bulgaria 0.13% 0.13% 0.13% 3,683 4,458
Burkina Faso 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Cameroon 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Canada 3.11% 3.11% 3.12% 88,115 106,652
Central African Republic 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Chile 0.08% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
China 0.77% 0.77% 0.77% 21,816 26,406
Costa Rica 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Cote d'Ivoire 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Croatia 0.13% 0.13% 0.13% 3,683 4,458
Cuba 0.09% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Cyprus 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Czech Republic 0.42% 0.42% 0.42% 11,900 14,403
Denmark 0.65% 0.65% 0.65% 18,416 22,291
Dominica 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Ecuador 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Egypt 0.07% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
El Salvador 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Fiji 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Finland 0.57% 0.57% 0.57% 16,150 19,547
France 6.00% 6.00% 6.02% 169,997 205,759
Gambia 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Germany 8.93% 8.93% 8.96% 253,012 306,238
Ghana 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Greece 0.35% 0.35% 0.35% 9,917 12,003
Grenada 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Guatemala 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Guinea 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Guyana 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Honduras 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Hungary 0.18% 0.18% 0.18% 5,100 6,173
Iceland 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
India 0.36% 0.36% 0.36% 10,200 12,346
Indonesia 0.16% 0.16% 0.16% 4,533 5,487
Iran, Islamic Republic of 0.77% 0.77% 0.77% 21,816 26,406
Ireland 0.18% 0.18% 0.18% 5,100 6,173
Israel 0.23% 0.23% 0.23% 6,517 7,887
Italy 4.29% 4.29% 4.31% 121,548 147,118
Jamaica 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Japan 12.45% 12.45% 12.50% 352,744 426,950
Jordan 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Kenya 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Kiribati 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Kuwait 0.25% 0.25% 0.25% 7,083 8,573
Lebanon 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 0.24% 0.24% 0.24% 6,800 8,230
Liechtenstein 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Luxembourg 0.06% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Malawi 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Malaysia 0.12% 0.12% 0.12% 3,400 4,115
Maldives 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Malta 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Marshall Islands 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Mauritius 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Mexico 0.88% 0.88% 0.88% 24,933 30,178
Monaco 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Namibia 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Netherlands 1.50% 1.50% 1.51% 42,499 51,440
New Zealand 0.24% 0.24% 0.24% 6,800 8,230
Nicaragua 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Niger 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Nigeria 0.20% 0.20% 0.20% 5,667 6,859
Norway 0.55% 0.55% 0.55% 15,583 18,861
Pakistan 0.06% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Panama 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Papua New Guinea 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Paraguay 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Peru 0.06% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Philippines 0.07% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Poland 0.47% 0.47% 0.47% 13,316 16,118
Portugal 0.20% 0.20% 0.20% 5,667 6,859
Korea, Republic of 0.69% 0.69% 0.69% 19,550 23,662
Romania 0.17% 0.17% 0.17% 4,817 5,830
Russian Federation 6.71% 6.71% 6.74% 190,114 230,107
Saint Kitts and Nevis 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Saint Lucia 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Samoa 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Saudi Arabia 0.96% 0.96% 0.96% 27,200 32,921
Senegal 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Seychelles 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Singapore 0.12% 0.12% 0.12% 3,400 4,115
Slovakia 0.13% 0.13% 0.13% 3,683 4,458
Slovenia 0.09% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Solomon Islands 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
South Africa 0.41% 0.41% 0.41% 11,616 14,060
Spain 1.98% 1.98% 1.99% 56,099 67,901
Sri Lanka 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Sudan 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Swaziland 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Sweden 1.11% 1.11% 1.11% 31,449 38,065
Switzerland 1.11% 1.11% 1.11% 31,449 38,065
Syrian Arab Republic 0.04% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Thailand 0.11% 0.11% 0.11% 3,117 3,772
Togo 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Trinidad and Tobago 0.05% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Tunisia 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Turkey 0.27% 0.27% 0.27% 7,650 9,259
Tuvalu 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Uganda 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
Ukraine 1.87% 1.87% 1.88% 52,982 64,128
United Arab Emirates 0.21% 0.21% 0.21% 5,950 7,202
United Kingdom 5.02% 5.02% 5.04% 142,231 172,152
Tanzania, United Rep. of 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0 0
United States of America 25.00% 25.00% ! 25.00% 705,684 854,138
Uruguay 0.04% 0.00% ! 0.00% 0 0
Uzbekistan 0.26% 0.26% 0.26% 7,367 8,916
Venezuela 0.49% 0.49% ! 0.49% 13,883 16,804
Yugoslavia 0.16% 0.16% ! 0.16% 4,533 5,487
Zambia 0.01% 0.00% ! 0.00% 0 0
Zimbabwe 0.01% 0.00% ! 0.00% 0 0
    !    
EEC 2.50% 2.50% ! 2.50% 70,568 85,414
    !    
TOTAL 101.24% 99.73% ! 100.00% 2,822,735 3,416,550