The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a global agreement to protect the Earth’s ozone layer by phasing out the chemicals that deplete it. This phase-out plan includes both the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. The landmark agreement was signed in 1987 and entered into force in 1989.

The parties to the Protocol meet once a year to make decisions aimed at ensuring the successful implementation of the agreement. These include adjusting or amending the Protocol, which has been done six times since its creation. The most recent amendment, the Kigali Amendment, called for the phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in 2016. These HFCs were used as replacements for a batch of ozone-depleting substances eliminated by the original Montreal Protocol. Although they do not deplete the ozone layer, they are known to be powerful greenhouse gases and, thus, contributors to climate change.

The Montreal Protocol provided a set of practical, actionable tasks that were universally agreed on. The Protocol has successfully met its objectives thus far and continues to safeguard the ozone layer today. Thanks to the collaborative effort of nations around the world, the ozone layer is well on its way to recovery.

Annex X : Arrears to the Multilateral Fund from countries that had not ratified the London Amendment

1 2 3 4 5 6 7
PARTY DATE OF RATIFICATION OF MONTREAL PROTOCOL DATE OF RATIFICATION OF LONDON AMENDMENT DATE OF ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE RATIFICATION OF LONDON AMENDMENT OUTSTANDING CONTRIBUTIONS

1991-1996 (US$)

 ARREARS PRIOR TO ENTRY INTO FORCE OF LONDON AMENDMENT

(1/1/1991 - 10/8/92)

ARREARS AFTER THE ENTRY INTO FORCE OF THE LONDON AMENDMENT AND PRIOR TO RATIFICATION OF THE LONDON AMENDMENT

BY THE PARTY CONCERNED
 

DD/MM/YY

DD/MM/YY

DD/MM/YY

     1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 TOTAL (1992-1996)
POLAND 13/7/90 2/10/96 31/12/96 2,853,711 - 0 626,210 819,851 819,851 586,193 2,852,105
BELARUS 31/10/88 10/6/96 8/9/96 3,309,593 376,304 109,739 639,534 837,295 837,295 349,360 2,773,223
BRUNEI DARUSSALAM 27/5/93     34,833 - - - - - 34,833 34,833
BULGARIA 20/11/90     68,000 - 0 0 0 0 68,000 68,000
GEORGIA 21/3/96     90,020 - - - - - 90,020 90,020
LATVIA 28/4/95     241,846 - - - - 98,162 143,684 241,846
LITHUANIA 18/1/95     332,988 - - - - 184,950 148,038 332,988
UKRAINE 20/9/88     12,056,367 639,796 415,677 2,491,517 3,261,961 3,261,961 1,985,455 11,416,571
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES 22/12/89     1,063,543 0 0 0 366,317 366,317 330,909 1,063,543
UZBEKISTAN 18/5/93     1,362,934 - - 216,390 453,535 453,535 239,474 1,362,934
TOTAL       21,413,835 1,016,100 525,416 3,973,651 5,738,959 6,022,071 3,975,966 20,236,063

Notes:

(1) A hyphen (-) indicates that the country has not been assessed for that year, either due to classification as operating under paragraph 1 of Article 5 or due to non-ratification of the Protocol, while a zero (0) indicates that the contributions due prior to the ratification of the London Amendment have been paid.

(2) The London Amendment entered into force on 10 August 1992.