The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a global agreement to protect the Earth’s ozone layer by phasing out the chemicals that deplete it. This phase-out plan includes both the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. The landmark agreement was signed in 1987 and entered into force in 1989.

The parties to the Protocol meet once a year to make decisions aimed at ensuring the successful implementation of the agreement. These include adjusting or amending the Protocol, which has been done six times since its creation. The most recent amendment, the Kigali Amendment, called for the phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in 2016. These HFCs were used as replacements for a batch of ozone-depleting substances eliminated by the original Montreal Protocol. Although they do not deplete the ozone layer, they are known to be powerful greenhouse gases and, thus, contributors to climate change.

The Montreal Protocol provided a set of practical, actionable tasks that were universally agreed on. The Protocol has successfully met its objectives thus far and continues to safeguard the ozone layer today. Thanks to the collaborative effort of nations around the world, the ozone layer is well on its way to recovery.

Annex III : Status of contributions by Parties towards the Montreal Protocol Trust Fund for 1990 and 1991

    1 9 9 0   1 9 9 1
    AGREED PAYMENTS MADE OUTSTANDING   AGREED PAYMENTS MADE OUTSTANDING
    CONTRIBUTIONS IN PAYMENTS   CONTRIBUTIONS IN PAYMENTS
    IN US DOLLARS US DOLLARS IN US DOLLARS   IN US DOLLARS US DOLLARS IN US DOLLARS
Argentina   0 0 0   15,806 0 15,806
Australia   41,311 41,311 0   41,195 16,790 24,405
Austria   19,440 19,440 0   19,417 7,945 11,472
Bahrain   0 0 0   0 0 0
Bangladesh   0 0 0   0 0 0
Belgium   30,861 12,001 18,860   30,699 0 30,699
Brazil*   38,152 0 38,152   38,046 0 38,046
Bulgaria**   0 0 0   3,444 0 3,444
Burkina Faso   0 0 0   0 0 0
Byelorussian S.S.R.   8,748 3,385 5,363   8,659 0 8,659
Cameroon   0 0 0   0 0 0
Canada   81,406 31,694 49,712   81,077 0 81,077
Chile   0 0 0   0 0 0
Czechoslovakia   0 0 0   17,318 0 17,318
Denmark   18,225 15,077 3,148   18,105 0 18,105
Ecuador   0 0 0   0 0 0
Egypt   0 0 0   0 0 0
Fiji   0 0 0   0 0 0
Finland   13,365 13,365 0   13,382 5,584 7,798
France   164,514 164,514 0   163,991 68,357 95,634
Gambia   0 0 0   0 0 0
Germany, F.R.***   246,406 246,406 0   245,593 173,464 72,129
Ghana   0 0 0   0 0 0
Greece   10,449 10,449 0   10,495 3,774 6,721
Iran   0 0 0   16,525 0 16,525
Ireland   4,617 4,617 0   4,723 6,833 (2,110)
Italy   104,978 0 104,978   104,692 0 104,692
Japan   299,381 299,381 0   298,595 124,432 174,163
Jordan   0 0 0   0 0 0
Kenya   0 0 0   0 0 0
Libyan Arab Jamahiriya*   1,839 0 1,839   7,347 0 7,347
Guatemala   0 0 0   0 0 0
Hungary   5,589 5,589 0   5,510 2,149 3,361
Iceland   0 0 0   0 0 0
Liechtenstein   0 0 0   0 0 0
Luxembourg   0 0 0   0 0 0
Malawi   0 0 0   0 0 0
Malaysia   2,916 0 2,916   2,886 0 2,886
Maldives   1,500 1,500 0   1,500 1,500 0
Malta   9,988 9,988 0   0 0 0
Mexico   24,786 20,509 4,277   24,664 0 24,664
Netherlands   43,498 43,498 0   43,294 61,348 (18,054)
New Zealand   6,318 6,318 0   6,297 8,948 (2,651)
Nigeria   5,346 0 5,346   5,248 0 5,248
Norway   14,580 14,580 0   14,431 23,412 (8,981)
Panama   0 0 0   0 0 0
Poland*   3,678 1,802 1,876   14,694 0 14,694
Portugal   4,617 4,617 0   4,723 264 4,459
Singapore   2,916 1,128 1,788   2,886 0 2,886
South Africa*   11,907 11,907 0   11,807 4,746 7,061
Spain   51,274 51,274 0   51,165 18,447 32,718
Sri Lanka   0 0 0   0 0 0
Sweden   31,833 25,911 5,922   31,749 0 31,749
Switzerland   28,431 28,431 0   28,338 28,338 0
Syrian Arab Republic   0 0 0   0 0 0
Thailand   2,673 2,673 0   2,624 883 1,741
Togo   0 0 0   0 0 0
Trinidad and Tobago   0 0 0   0 0 0
Tunisia   0 0 0   0 0 0
Uganda   0 0 0   0 0 0
Ukrainian S.S.R.   32,806 12,821 19,985   32,798 0 32,798
U.S.S.R.   262,930 102,465 160,465   262,124 0 262,124
United Arab Emirates*   5,103 0 5,103   4,985 0 4,985
United Kingdom   127,820 127,820 0   127,520 127,520 0
United States   607,509 135,000 472,509   605,750 30,000 575,750
Uruguay   0 0 0   0 0 0
Venezuela   15,066 5,846 9,220   14,956 0 14,956
Yugoslavia**   0 0 0   9,053 0 9,053
Zambia   0 0 0   0 0 0
                 
EEC   60,751 60,751 0   60,575 16,337 44,238
                 
TOTAL   2,447,527 1,536,068 911,459   2,508,686 731,071 1,777,615

NB: (*) New Parties who ratified during 1990.

(**) New Parties who ratified during 1991 and their contributions have been calculated on a prorata basis for

remaining period.

(***) The contributions of the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic have been combined.

The 1990 figure is comprised of $33,778 and $ 212,628, while the 1991 figure is comprised of $ 33,585

and $212,008.