The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a global agreement to protect the Earth’s ozone layer by phasing out the chemicals that deplete it. This phase-out plan includes both the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. The landmark agreement was signed in 1987 and entered into force in 1989.

The parties to the Protocol meet once a year to make decisions aimed at ensuring the successful implementation of the agreement. These include adjusting or amending the Protocol, which has been done six times since its creation. The most recent amendment, the Kigali Amendment, called for the phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in 2016. These HFCs were used as replacements for a batch of ozone-depleting substances eliminated by the original Montreal Protocol. Although they do not deplete the ozone layer, they are known to be powerful greenhouse gases and, thus, contributors to climate change.

The Montreal Protocol provided a set of practical, actionable tasks that were universally agreed on. The Protocol has successfully met its objectives thus far and continues to safeguard the ozone layer today. Thanks to the collaborative effort of nations around the world, the ozone layer is well on its way to recovery.

Critical use exemptions: Twenty-Third Meeting of the Parties (Bali, Indonesia, 21-25 November 2011)

Source(s)
Annex to decision XXIII/4

Table A
Agreed critical-use categories for 2013 (metric tonnes)

Australia Strawberry runners (29.760), rice (2.374)
Canada Mills (7.848), strawberry runners (Prince Edward Island) (5.261)
Japan Chestnuts (3.317)
United States of America Commodities (.822), mills and foodprocessing structures (25.334), dried cured pork (3.730), cucurbits (3.886), eggplant – field (1.381), nursery stock – fruit, nuts, flowers (.476), orchard replants (6.230), ornamentals (40.818), peppers – field (5.604), strawberry – field (461.186), strawberry runners (3.752), tomatoes – field (9.107)

Table B
Permitted levels of production and consumption for 2013 (metric tonnes)

Australia 32.134
Canada 13.109
Japan 3.317
United States of America 562.326*

* Minus available stocks.