The Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer logo was developed to provide a distinct brand for the two treaties across various communication assets and applications. The visual identity guideline is designed to provide a comprehensive overview of applications and correct use of the logo.

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Scientific articles

Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) banks from uses such as air conditioners or foams can be emitted after global production stops. Recent reports of unexpected emissions of CFC-11 raise the need to better quantify releases from these banks, and associated impacts on ozone depletion and climate change. Here we develop a Bayesian probabilistic model for CFC-11, 12, and 113 banks and their emissions, incorporating the broadest range of constraints to date. We find that bank sizes of CFC-11 and CFC-12 are larger than recent international scientific assessments suggested, and can account for much of current estimated CFC-11 and 12 emissions (with the exception of increased CFC-11 emissions after 2012). Left unrecovered, these CFC banks could delay Antarctic ozone hole recovery by about six years and contribute 9 billion metric tonnes of equivalent CO2 emission. Derived CFC-113 emissions are subject to uncertainty, but are much larger than expected, raising questions about its sources.

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Montreal Protocol

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a global agreement to protect the Earth’s ozone layer by phasing out the chemicals that deplete it. This phase-out plan includes both the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. The landmark agreement was signed in 1987 and entered into force in 1989. 

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Laboratory and analytical uses
Process agents
Tools
Safety standards, Tools

This interactive tool presents a non-exhaustive list of international, regional and national safety standards relevant to Refrigeration, Air-Conditioning and Heat Pump equipment developed by relevant Standards Organizations.

The standards are broadly classified into two categories: Main system safety standards, subdivided into Vertical system safety standards and Horizontal system safety standards, and Supplementary standards.

Launch tool
Laboratory and analytical uses

Categories and examples of laboratory uses (not exhaustive list)

Reference

1. Research and development (e.g. pharmaceutical, pesticide, CFC

and HCFC substitutes)

1.1 Reaction solvent or reaction feedstock (e.g. Diels-Alder and Friedel-Craft Reactions, RuO3 oxidation, allelic side bromination, etc.)

2. Analytical uses and regulated applications (including quality control)

2.1 Reference

– Chemical (ODS monitoring, volatile organic compound (VOC) Detection, Equipment Calibration)

– Toxicant

– Product (adhesive bond strength, breathing filter test)

2.2 Extraction

– Pesticide and heavy metal detection (e.g. in food)

– Oil mist analysis

– Colour and food additive detection

– Oil detection in water and soil

2.3 Diluent

– Zinc, copper, cadmium detection in plants and food

– Microchemical methods to determine molecular weight or oxygen

– Measuring drug purity and residual determination

– Sterilization of lab equipment

2.4 Carrier (Inert)

– Forensic methods (e.g. fingerprinting)1

– Titration (cholesterol in eggs, drug chemical characteristics, “Iodine value”, e.g. in oils and chemical products)

– Analytical equipment (Spectroscopy (Infra-red, Ultra-violet, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, fluorescence), chromatography (High-pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, thin-layer chromatography)

2.5 Tracer

– Sanitary engineering

2.6 Miscellaneous (including testing)

– Ingredient in material for testing (e.g. asphalt, metal fatigue and fracturing)

– Separation media (separation of extraneous materials such as filth and insect excreta from stored food products)

3. Miscellaneous (including biochemical)

3.1 Laboratory method development

3.2 Sample preparation using solvent

3.3 Heat transfer medium

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Annex IV of the 7th MOP

adopted by decision VII/11

Categories of laboratory and analytical uses allowing the use of methyl bromide

Reference

(a) As a reference or standard:

(i) To calibrate equipment which uses methyl bromide

(ii) To monitor methyl bromide emission levels

(iii) To determine methyl bromide residue levels in goods, plants and commodities

(b) In a laboratory toxicological study

(c) To compare the efficacy of methyl bromide and its alternatives inside a laboratory;

(d) As a laboratory agent which is destroyed in a chemical reaction in the manner of feedstock

 

 

 

 

Decision XVIII/15

1 Forensic finger-printing is no longer exempted: https://ozone.unep.org/resources/categories-of-laboratory-and-analytical-uses-no-longer-exempted.

Categories
Disclaimer to scientific articles

"The views of the authors presented in the scientific papers are their own. They do not represent the views or policy of the Ozone Secretariat or the Parties to the Vienna Convention and the Montreal Protocol. No official endorsement should be inferred. The Ozone Secretariat does not make any warranty or representation, either express or implied, with respect to the accuracy of the information contained therein and it does not assume any liability of any kind resulting from the use or reliance upon any information contained in those papers including links to websites".