This primer is intended to provide members of the Implementation Committee, especially new members, with a comprehensive understanding of the non-compliance procedure for the Montreal Protocol and the way in which the Committee has been operating since its establishment. In that regard, it is important to note that the non-compliance procedure adopted by the parties consists of only 16 paragraphs and that, like any entity, the Implementation Committee has developed a mode of efficient operation over time that, while firmly based on the non-compliance procedure, relies to a considerable extent on custom and precedent. For this reason, the primer refers to the requirements of the non-compliance procedure and, where necessary, explains the practice of the Committee, noting that such practice has evolved over time and will continue to do so. It is hoped that the primer will provide a basis for future advances in the timely and effective resolution of non-compliance cases while at the same time ensuring the consistent and transparent treatment of the issues by the Implementation Committee.