The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a global agreement to protect the Earth’s ozone layer by phasing out the chemicals that deplete it. This phase-out plan includes both the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. The landmark agreement was signed in 1987 and entered into force in 1989.

The parties to the Protocol meet once a year to make decisions aimed at ensuring the successful implementation of the agreement. These include adjusting or amending the Protocol, which has been done six times since its creation. The most recent amendment, the Kigali Amendment, called for the phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in 2016. These HFCs were used as replacements for a batch of ozone-depleting substances eliminated by the original Montreal Protocol. Although they do not deplete the ozone layer, they are known to be powerful greenhouse gases and, thus, contributors to climate change.

The Montreal Protocol provided a set of practical, actionable tasks that were universally agreed on. The Protocol has successfully met its objectives thus far and continues to safeguard the ozone layer today. Thanks to the collaborative effort of nations around the world, the ozone layer is well on its way to recovery.

Annex VI: Replenishment of the Multilateral Fund for the period 2000-2002 (Contributions by the Parties)

using the fixed‑currency‑exchange‑rate mechanism and 1999 United Nations scale of assessment

No. Country United Nations scale of assessment for the year 1999 Adjusted United Nations scale of assessment with no Party contributing more than 25% Annual contributions in US dollars for the years 2000, 2001 and 2002 Eligibility for using fixed-currency-exchange-rate mechanism Currencies for Parties eligible to pay contributions in national currencies Rates of exchange for Parties eligible to pay contributions in national currencies Contributions in national currencies by Parties eligible to pay in national currencies Contributions in US dollars by Parties not eligible to pay in national currencies
1 AUSTRALIA 1.482   1.69245   2,482,261   YES Australian dollar 1.56   3,872,327 -
2 AUSTRIA 0.941   1.07463   1,576,118   YES Schilling 12.97   20,442,256 -
3 AZERBAIJAN 0.022   0.02512   36,849   NO       - 36,849
4 BELARUS 0.082   0.09364   137,345   NO       - 137,345
5 BELGIUM 1.103   1.25963   1,847,459   YES Belgian franc 38.02   70,240,378 -
6 BULGARIA 0.019   0.02170   31,824   NO       - 31,824
7 CANADA 2.754   3.14508   4,612,784   YES Canadian dollar 1.49   6,873,049 -
8 CZECH REPUBLIC 0.121   0.13818   202,668   YES Czech koruna 35.06   7,105,530 -
9 DENMARK 0.691   0.78913   1,157,383   YES Danish krone 7.02   8,124,832 -
10 ESTONIA 0.015   0.01713   25,124   NO       - 25,124
11 FINLAND 0.542   0.61897   907,817   YES Markka 5.60   5,083,777 -
12 FRANCE 6.540   7.46871   10,954,107   YES French franc 6.18   67,696,379 -
13 GERMANY 9.808   11.20078   16,427,810   YES Deutsche mark 1.84   30,227,171 -
14 GREECE 0.351   0.40084   587,904   YES Drachma 304.95   179,281,291 -
15 HUNGARY 0.120   0.13704   200,993   NO       - 200,993
16 ICELAND 0.032   0.03654   53,598   YES Icelandic krona 68.03   3,646,277 -
17 IRELAND 0.224   0.25581   375,186   YES Irish pound 0.74   277,638 -
18 ISRAEL 0.345   0.39399   577,854   YES Shekel 4.08   2,357,645 -
19 ITALY 5.432   6.20337   9,098,273   YES Italian lira 1,825.07   16,604,985,632 -
20 JAPAN 19.984   22.82182   33,471,998   YES Yen 118.34   3,961,076,249 -
21 LATVIA 0.024   0.02741   40,199   NO       - 40,199
22 LIECHTENSTEIN 0.006   0.00685   10,050   YES Swiss franc 1.50   15,074 -
23 LITHUANIA 0.022   0.02512   36,849   NO       - 36,849
24 LUXEMBOURG 0.068   0.07766   113,896   YES Luxembourg franc 38.02   4,330,323 -
25 MONACO 0.004   0.00457   6,700   YES French franc 6.18   41,405 -
26 NETHERLANDS 1.631   1.86261   2,731,827   YES Netherlands guilder 2.08   5,682,200 -
27 NEW ZEALAND 0.221   0.25238   370,162   YES New Zealand dollar 1.87   692,202 -
28 NORWAY 0.610   0.69662   1,021,713   YES Norwegian krone 7.87   8,040,884 -
29 POLAND 0.207   0.23639   346,712   NO       - 346,712
30 PORTUGAL 0.417   0.47622   698,450   YES Portuguese escudo 188.97   131,986,081 -
31 RUSSIAN FEDERATION 1.487   1.69816   2,490,635   NO       - 2,490,635
32 SLOVAKIA 0.039   0.04454   65,323   YES Slovak koruna 42.28   2,761,842 -
33 SPAIN 2.589   2.95665   4,336,419   YES Peseta 156.83   680,080,636 -
34 SWEDEN 1.084   1.23793   1,815,635   YES Swedish krona 8.33   15,124,238 -
35 SWITZERLAND 1.215   1.38754   2,035,052   YES Swiss franc 1.50   3,052,578 -
36 TAJIKISTAN 0.005   0.00571   8,375   NO       - 8,375
37 TURKMENISTAN 0.008   0.00914   13,399   NO       - 13,399
38 UKRAINE 0.302   0.34489   505,832   NO       - 505,832
39 UNITED KINGDOM 5.090   5.81280   8,525,444   YES British pound 0.62   5,285,775 -
40 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 25.000   25.00000   36,666,667   NO United States dollar 1.00   - 36,666,667
41 UZBEKISTAN 0.037   0.04225   61,973   NO       - 61,973
41 T O T A L 90.674   100.00000   146,666,667       N.A.   N.A. 40,602,776