The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is a global agreement to protect the Earth’s ozone layer by phasing out the chemicals that deplete it. This phase-out plan includes both the production and consumption of ozone-depleting substances. The landmark agreement was signed in 1987 and entered into force in 1989.

The parties to the Protocol meet once a year to make decisions aimed at ensuring the successful implementation of the agreement. These include adjusting or amending the Protocol, which has been done six times since its creation. The most recent amendment, the Kigali Amendment, called for the phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) in 2016. These HFCs were used as replacements for a batch of ozone-depleting substances eliminated by the original Montreal Protocol. Although they do not deplete the ozone layer, they are known to be powerful greenhouse gases and, thus, contributors to climate change.

The Montreal Protocol provided a set of practical, actionable tasks that were universally agreed on. The Protocol has successfully met its objectives thus far and continues to safeguard the ozone layer today. Thanks to the collaborative effort of nations around the world, the ozone layer is well on its way to recovery.

Annex III: Contributions by parties to the ninth replenishment of the Multilateral Fund (2015, 2016 and 2017) (Replenishment totals $507.5 million, of which $437.5 million is from new contributions)

. Country United Nations scale of assessment for the period 2013–2015 Adjusted United Nations scale of assessment with no party contributing more than 22 per cent Annual contributions for years 2015, 2016 and 2017

 

( United States dollars)

 Average inflation rate for the period
2012–2014

 

(per cent)

 Qualifying fixed-exchange-rate mechanism use: yes=1, no=0 Fixed-exchange-rate mechanism users’ currencies rates of exchange a Fixed-exchange-rate mechanism users’ national currencies Fixed-exchange-rate mechanism users’ payments in national currencies

 

(United States dollars )
1 Andorra 0.008 0.011086 16 168     0.72967 Euro  
2 Australia 2.074 2.874158 4 191 481 2.31 1 1.10283 Australian dollar 4 622 505
3 Austria 0.798 1.105872 1 612 730 2.14 1 0.72967 Euro 1 176 755
4 Azerbaijan 0.040 0.055432 80 839 2.09 1 0.78390 Azerbaijani Manat 63 369
5 Belarus 0.056 0.077605 113 174 32.03 0 9 776.66667 Belarusian ruble  
6 Belgium 0.998 1.383033 2 016 923 1.52 1 0.72967 Euro 1 471 681
7 Bulgaria 0.047 0.065133 94 985 0.54 1 1.42700 Bulgarian Lev 135 544
8 Canada 2.984 4.135240 6 030 559 1.47 1 1.09750 Canadian dollar 6 618 538
9 Croatia 0.126 0.174611 254 642 1.76 1 5.57017 Croatian kuna 1 418 396
10 Cyprus 0.047 0.065133 94 985 1.16 1 0.72967 Euro 69 308
11 Czech Republic 0.386 0.534920 780 092 1.77 1 20.02833 Czech Koruna 15 623 950
12 Denmark 0.675 0.935418 1 364 151 1.26 1 5.44550 Danish Krone 7 428 485
13 Estonia 0.040 0.055432 80 839 2.75 1 0.72967 Euro 58 985
14 Finland 0.519 0.719232 1 048 881 2.20 1 0.72967 Euro 765 333
15 France 5.593 7.750804 11 303 256 1.30 1 0.72967 Euro 8 247 609
16 Germany 7.141 9.896029 14 431 709 1.54 1 0.72967 Euro 10 530 337
17 Greece 0.638 0.884143 1 289 376 -0.07 1 0.72967 Euro 940 814
18 Holy See 0.001 0.001386 2 021     0.72967 Euro  
19 Hungary 0.266 0.368624 537 577 2.58 1 223.38333 Hungarian Forint 120 085 657
20 Iceland 0.027 0.037417 54 566 3.86 1 113.79833 Icelandic Krona 6 209 525
21 Ireland 0.418 0.579266 844 763 1.01 1 0.72967 Euro 616 396
22 Israel 0.396 0.548779 800 302 1.35 1 3.48817 Israeli Sheqel 2 791 587
23 Italy 4.448 6.164058 8 989 251 1.56 1 0.72967 Euro 6 559 157
24 Japan 10.833 15.012419 21 893 111 0.99 1 102.77000 Japanese Yen 2 249 955 013
25 Kazakhstan 0.121 0.167682 244 537 5.96 1 173.58667 Kazakhstani Tenge 42 448 316
26 Latvia 0.047 0.065133 94 985 1.01 1 0.72970 Euro 69 311
27 Liechtenstein 0.009 0.012472 18 189     0.89100 Swiss Franc  
28 Lithuania 0.073 0.101164 147 530 1.53 1 2.51950 Lithuanian Litas 371 703
29 Luxembourg 0.081 0.112250 163 698 1.89 1 0.72967 Euro 119 445
30 Malta 0.016 0.022173 32 335 1.74 1 0.72967 Euro 23 594
31 Monaco 0.012 0.016630 24 252     0.72967 Euro  
32 Netherlands 1.654 2.292120 3 342 676 1.97 1 0.72967 Euro 2 439 039
33 New Zealand 0.253 0.350609 511 304 1.25 1 1.19133 New Zealand Dollar 609 134
34 Norway 0.851 1.179320 1 719 841 1.61 1 6.06033 Norwegian Krone 10 422 810
35 Poland 0.921 1.276326 1 861 309 1.57 1 3.04867 Polish Zloty 5 674 509
36 Portugal 0.474 0.656871 957 937 1.08 1 0.72967 Euro 698 975
37 Romania 0.226 0.313192 456 738 2.93 1 3.25683 Romanian Leu 1 487 520
38 Russian Federation 2.438 3.378591 4 927 112 6.42 1 34.93833 Russian Roubles 172 145 082
39 San Marino 0.003 0.004157 6 063 1.71 1 0.72967 Euro 4 424
40 Slovakia 0.171 0.236973 345 585 1.77 1 0.72967 Euro 252 162
41 Slovenia 0.100 0.138580 202 096 1.62 1 0.72967 Euro 147 463
42 Spain 2.973 4.119996 6 008 328 1.31 1 0.72967 Euro 4 384 077
43 Sweden 0.960 1.330372 1 940 126 0.32 1 6.53700 Swedish Krona 12 682 605
44 Switzerland 1.047 1.450937 2 115 950 -0.29 1 0.89100 Swiss Franc 1 885 312
45 Tajikistan 0.003 0.004157 6 063 5.81 1 4.86833 Tajikistani Somoni 29 516
46 Ukraine 0.099 0.137195 200 076 3.91 1 10.33117 Ukrainian Hryvnia 2 067 013
47 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 5.179 7.177081 10 466 576 2.34 1 0.60083 British Pound Sterling 6 288 668
48 United States of America 22.000 22.000000 32 083 333 1.84 1 1.00000 United States Dollar 32 083 333
49 Uzbekistan 0.015 0.020787 30 314 11.10 0 2 241.08333 Uzbekistani Som  
  Total 78.285 100.00 145 833 333          

a As per the World Economic Outlook database, International Monetary Fund website.

b Average United Nations operational rate of exchange from January to June 2014.